ischaemia-reperfusion, endothelium, antioxidant, injury, radicals, reperfusion, vitamin, protection, damage, vascular, drugs, administration.
The first line of defence are enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase or glutathione oxidase, that catalyse the conversion of ROS to less reactive species1 (see Figure 3).
Reactive oxygen species have been implicated in an enormous list of clinical conditions including autoimmune diseases (eg. rheumatoid arthritis), alcoholic liver disease, haemochromatosis, atherosclerosis and ischaemia-reperfusion injury.1 Possibly the most important with respect to morbidity and mortality is their involvement in cardiovascular disease.
Levels of vitamin E in plasma and tissues have been found to be reduced following ischaemiareperfusion.
However, supplementation of vitamin E, through its antioxidant action, has been shown to reduce the generation of ROS and lipid peroxides after ischaemia and reperfusion.18 Vitamin E also has the ability to reduce ischaemia-reperfusion induced tissue damage in different organs and in most cases, this has been associated with preservation of microvascular perfusion.17 It is interesting to note that vitamin E has been suggested to act as an antioxidant not only via its ability to scavenge radicals, but also by preventing the accumulation of neutrophils within ischaemic-reperfused tissue.19 This beneficial effect, according to Formigli et al., is due to hindrance of expression of E-selectin and ICAM-1 molecules, known to increase the adhesiveness of endothelium to circulating neutrophils.
coq10 http://www.intensivenutrition.com/coq10.PDF
vitamin, cancer, free radicals, antioxidant, disease, protect, damage, risk, aging, supplements, patients, intake.
By producing oxidative damage in DNA, free radicals can produce mutations that, over time, can lead to cancer.
Oxidative changes in fats (lipids) and proteins injure cell membranes, weaken blood vessels, affect immune cells, modify protective enzymes among others - and damage many other molecules.
Smokers require two to three times as much vitamin C to achieve the same blood levels as non-smokers.
High consumption of green tea may partly explain why Japanese men who smoke more than American men have lower lung cancer rates.
Garlic contains flavonoids, an organo sulfur substance with antioxidant activity that has anti-carcinogenic properties and helps protect against cardiovascular disease.
NutritionalReport
apple, juices, fruit, acid, Ref, quercetin, compounds, catechins, antioxidant, litre, Wild, chlorogenic acid.
To analyse a range of cloudy and clear apple juices for concentration of specific bioactive compounds including the catechins, epicatechins, chlorogenic acid, phloridzin, phloretin, apigenin and quercetin glycosides.
This compound has a very high antioxidant capacity, significantly higher than any other natural antioxidant and about 5 times higher than Vitamin C and also occurs in significantly higher concentrations than Vitamin C.
The Wild about fruit apple juices are on average significantly higher (1.5 - 2.5 times the level of CGA when compared to other good quality apple juices).
Condensed apple tannins are generally of unknown structure but consist of condensations of catechin and epicatechin with themselves to form procyanidins and larger oligomers.
ac0159f
antioxidant, MITI, CAS, polyolefin plastics, synthetic elastomers, waxes, petroleum oil, adhesives, resins, Albemarle Corporation, phenolic antioxidant, Polymer Additive Product.
The information presented herein is believed to be accurate and reliable, but is presented without guarantee or responsibility on the part of Albemarle Corporation.
It is the responsibility of the user to comply with all applicable laws and regulations and to provide for a safe workplace.
The user should consider any health or safety hazards or information contained herein only as a guide, and should take those precautions which are necessary or prudent to instruct employees and to develop work practice procedures in order to promote a safe work environment.
Further, nothing contained herein shall be taken as an inducement or recommendation to manufacture or use any of the herein materials or processes in violation of existing or future patents.
9(2)-8
extracts, cactus, ginger, reactions, antioxidants, scavenging, deoxyribose, superoxide, cholesterol, ethanol extract, plasma, density lipoprotein.
Abstract The study was carried out to investigate the effects of water or ethanol extracts of cactus and ginger on specific scavenging activity against hydroxyl radical and superoxide, and on lipid levels in mouse plasma.
In ammonium thiocyanate assay, all extracts, tested at concentrations up to 2 mg/mL, were estimated to have a strong ability to scavenge the reactive oxidants.
Taken together, we suggest that the scavenging effects against superoxide and hydroxyl radical may contribute to explaining some of the positive mechanisms of ginger and cactus as dietary antioxidants in vivo.
Changes of plasma lipid levels To investigate the effect of cactus and ginger extracts on lipid levels in mouse plasma, the amounts of TG, TC, HDL, LDL, and VLDL were measured.
Antioxidants
vitamin, antioxidants, foods, intake, vegetables, fruits, selenium, supplement, healthy, damage, Adult, beta-carotene.
Antioxidants have received a lot of attention in recent years, in relation to wellness and disease prevention.
It's well accepted that eating foods rich in antioxidants is a healthful thing to do.
Vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, and selenium all act as antioxidants to protect the body from oxidative damage.
To reap the benefits, eat at least 5 servings per day from a combination of fruits and vegetables.
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA): The average daily dietary intake level that's sufficient to meet the nutrient requirement of nearly all healthy individuals.
Among other things, it's important for wound healing and fighting infections.
142 http://wwwsoc.nii.ac.jp/jsac/analsci/special/142.pdf
DPPH, antioxidant, BHT, AOA, reaction, OW-DPPH, kinetics, SPM, BHA, signals, BHQ, vitamin.
Antioxidative activities of vitamin C, BHA, BHQ and BHT oxidants were determined at ambient temperature by means of a DPPH* colorimetry (in methanol) combined with the optothermal window (OW) detection scheme at 514 nm.
The results of OW-DPPH* experiments suggest differences in the reaction kinetics for various compounds; these were also found to be concentration dependent.
Vitamin C reacted with DPPH* more rapidly than BHA, BHQ and BHT.
Although OW-DPPH* colorimetry exhibits a dynamic range that is wider than that typically encountered in conventional spectrophotometry (SPM), its sensitivity is inferior to that of SPM.
Search for new colorimetric reactions resulting in a more intense color yield is encouraged, if the unique advantage of OW-DPPH* method (to handle optically opaque samples) is to be fully realized.
elderly.14jan03.abst.chew
AMD, risk, Eye Disease, antioxidant, developing advanced AMD, vitamins, lutein, zinc, AREDS, carotenoids, supplements, vision loss.
Age-related eye diseases of significant public health impact include lens opacities (cataracts) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
A number of epidemiologic studies of dietary and serum levels of antioxidant vitamins suggest a protective role of antioxidants for these two ocular conditions.
Antioxidant vitamins and zinc therapy reduced the risk of developing advanced AMD in participants with intermediate and greater risk of developing AMD by 25 percent.1 The risk of vision loss of 3 lines or more on the logarithmic visual acuity charts also was reduced by 19 percent for these participants.
For participants who developed AMD, the risk of such vision loss was reduced by 25 percent.
1 The Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group.
42_087-094
testicular, sperm, spermatozoa, fertilization, antioxidants, ROS, motility, rats, varicoceles, weight, epididymis, oocytes.
Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-0826, Japan Left varicocele detrimentally affects spermatogenesis and the epididymal sperm maturation process bilaterally.
We analyzed the effect of antioxidants on sperm production and quality in rats which were varicocelized.
The secretory defect detrimentally influenced the spermatogenesis and epididymal sperm maturation process in varicocelized rats in this study.
The diminished sperm fertilizing ability may be due to defects in the epididymal sperm maturation process since it is known that failure of spermatozoa to complete the cascade of events that characterize the epididymal sperm maturation process resulted in impaired sperm fertilizing ability (Hurt et al., 1986).
Atroshi-Significance http://www.ualberta.ca/~csps/JPPS3(3)/F.Atroshi/Atroshi-Significance.pdf
apoptosis, OTA, cell, antioxidants, liver, mice, apoptotic bodies, cell death, inhibition, ochratoxin, glutathione, necrosis.
ABSTRACT1A study of the appearance of liver apoptosis after ochratoxin A (OTA) administration was performed in male mice.
Treatment with tamoxifen, known in restoration of tumor suppressor function and on induction of programmed cell death (apoptosis), after OTA administration, had no significant inhibition effect on the incidence of apoptotic bodies in liver.
Because hepatic glutathione represents the major defence against toxic liver injury, we studied the activity of tissue reduced glutathione (GSH), known to inhibit apoptosis.
Several hepatocytes in mitosis were observed in the acinus, suggesting that regeneration was occurring.
Thus from these studies it appears that two morphologically distinct types of cell death, namely apoptosis and necrosis, are induced by pretreatment with OTA for two weeks.
lcms030
vitamin, compounds, diseases, m/z, ß-carotene, pumpkin extract fraction, antioxidants, mass, health drink, analyses, LC-MS, mass chromatograms.
Lifestyle-related diseases (adult diseases) are diseases stemming from habits in everyday life, such as diet, smoking, and drinking alcohol.
Examples of antioxidants contained in food include carotenoids (such as ß-carotene, lycopene, capsaicin), flavonoids and vitamin E (refer to the LC-MS Application Data Sheets No.014 and No.015 for examples of flavonoid analyses).
Fig.104 shows the structural formula of vitamin E related compounds and ß-carotene related compounds.
Fig. 104 Structures of vitamin E, ß-carotene and its related compounds Fig.106 shows the results (mass chromatograms) of analyzing a health drink, vitamin E drug and pumpkin extract fraction.
For the health drink, in addition to vitamin E and ß-carotene, components giving protonated molecules were also observed at m/z 327, 355 and 383 (at an interval of 28amu).
Antioxidants
antioxidants, free radicals, disease, vitamin, cancers, vegetables, heart disease, damage, fruits, lean meat, foods, compounds.
The body can cope with a certain amount of free radicals (and, indeed, needs some in order to function effectively).
An overload of free radicals has been linked to certain diseases, including heart disease and some cancers.
Antioxidants are compounds found in certain foods that neutralise free radicals.
Damage to nerve cells in the brain, which contributes to conditions such as Parkinson's or Alzheimer's disease.
Increased risk of coronary heart disease, since free radicals encourage low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol to adhere to artery walls.
Indoles -- cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, cabbage and cauliflower.
Vitamin E -- vegetable oils (such as wheatgerm oil), avocados, nuts, seeds and whole grains.
antiox
antioxidants, vitamin, free radicals, fatty acids, fats, heart, cholesterol, oil, polyunsaturated fatty acids, substances, diet, carotenoid.
A very important companion intervention to lowering the blood cholesterol level is to provide adequate antioxidants such as those found in red wine.
Vitamin C is limited to the water compartments and vitamin E to the fat compartments.
2. It is the oxidation of the low density lipoprotein (LDL), with its high cholesterol content, which initiates the processes leading to the accumulation of fatty deposits in blood vessel walls (i. e., atherosclerosis).
Therefore, it is very important to have adequate quantities of antioxidants to minimize the damage by free radicals to these very important fats, the polyunsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol.
06-01-p&t-ing
antioxidant, food, health, extracts, vitamin, oxidation, variety, report, honey, oil, antioxidant capacity, fruits.
Derived from a wide range of sources, antioxidants play a major role in "preserving" food quality.
Although what an antioxidant does is not exactly new, the ways their benefits have been promoted and subsequently reported on have certainly changed over the years---moving from an emphasis on their functionality to one that includes health and the potential prevention of certain diseases.
According to the North American Blueberry Council (NABC), San Francisco, Calif., it is possible to create "an antioxidant muffin" that contains one-half cup of blue-berries---the amount needed to provide that daily dose of antioxidants.
From the green tea leaves can be derived a green powder that may be used as a flavor in various food products, while retaining the health benefits of green tea.
