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Ericsson proposed Bluetooth in 1994 as a replacement for cable connections
between electronic products. As implemented in Bluetooth, up to 1600 frequency
hops are made per second across 79 channels within the frequency band to
prevent eavesdropping and interference with other devices, such as portable
phones and IEEE 802.11b/g networks. Bluetooth device address - 48-bit address
that is unique for each Bluetooth device (similar to a MAC address) Despite
the plethora of tools which attack application layer protocols on Bluetooth,
such as OBEX (Object Exchange Protocol), few have been published which attack
the Bluetooth protocol itself. Special bags exist for Bluetooth (and other
wireless devices) devices called a "cloaking bag" that a device may be placed
in to block the radio signals used by Bluetooth. Current Bluetooth implementations
suffer from numerous flaws, which make Bluetooth an inappropriate choice
of bluetoothOriginally intended to replace cables in a range of applications e.g., Phone headsets, PC/PDA synchronization, remote controls Not just simple byte-stream data transmission Rather, complete protocol stack to support voice, data, video, file transfer, etc. Bluetooth operates at a higher level than 802.11 and 802.15.4 e.g., Wireless headset associated with a cell phone Requires guaranteed bandwidth between headset and base No need for packet retransmission in case of loss Allow wireless device to access a LAN through a Bluetooth connection Requires use of higher-level protocols on top of serial port (e.g., PPP) Device may act as master in one Piconet and slave in another Each Piconet using different FH schedule to avoid interference Can extend the range of Bluetooth, can route across Piconets Bluetooth supports two types of physical links. Bluetooth supports 14 different payload formats! What is the maximum bandwidth that Bluetooth can achieve? Scale to many devices Long Bluetooth - Threats and Security MeasuresThis BSI brochure is aimed at security officers and end users of Bluetooth devices. It describes the possible threats associated with the use of Bluetooth and identifies appropriate protective measures. Every Bluetooth device is associated with a 48-bit public identifier, the Bluetooth device address. Bluetooth: threats and security measures A Bluetooth device can determine through the inquiry procedure whether there are any other devices in range. Up to 255 Bluetooth devices (exceptionally, even more than this) can be networked with a master in a piconet as slaves in park mode. In theory, it is even possible with Bluetooth to network up to ten piconets to form a scatternet. As Bluetooth is a radio-based technology, in principle there exists a danger that "unauthorised" Bluetooth-capable devices could listen in to Bluetooth communications and/or actively insert themselves into the communication link. The radio traffic on Bluetooth connections can be passively intercepted andWi-Fi and Bluetooth - Interference Issues - Rev1Because both Wi-FiT and BluetoothT wireless technology share spectrum and will often be located in close physical proximity to one another, there is concern for how they may interfere with one another. Both Wi-Fi and Bluetooth fail gracefully in the presence of interference. Concern about the potential for interference between Wi-Fi and Bluetooth has IT managers considering options that range from ignoring the problem and accepting the possible degradation in data rate, to the outright banning of Bluetooth devices within the working area of a WLAN. How Bluetooth and Wi-Fi Interfere Wi-Fi and Bluetooth both occupy a section of the 2.4 GHz ISM band that is 83 MHz-wide. When a Bluetooth radio and a Wi-Fi radio are operating in the same area, the single 22 MHz-wide Wi-Fi channel occupies the same frequency space as 22 of the 79 Bluetooth channels which are 1 MHz wide. Bluetooth Hops Away and Tries Again When a Bluetooth device encounters interference on a channel, it dealsBluetooth_KARINHowever, Bluetooth has larger range, does not require line of sight and is not prone to light interferences Bluetooth deploys fast rate frequency hopping (FHSS) to provide robust data transmission Supports simultaneous transmission of both voice and data with approximately 1 Mbit/s (720 kbps) data rate Bluetooth defines three topologies: point-to-point, single cell (piconet) and multi-cell (scatternet) Up to eight active data devices can be connected in a piconet Each piconet has one master and the rest serve as slaves. HCI (Host control interface): allows the implementation of lower Bluetooth functions on the Bluetooth device and higher protocol functions on a host machine. For each device, the master uses the device's addr to calculate a page FHS The master pages by using an ID packet, with a DAC of the specific slave The slave responds by returning the same DAC ID packet to the master in the Master responds in the next master-to-slave slot with its own FHSmBS5.2_Bluetooth_PackBluetooth is a standard for wireless connectivity of mobile computers, mobile phones, portable handheld devices, providing internet connectivity where applicable. Bluetooth devices operate with short-range radio links in the widely used 2.4 GHz ISM bandwidth. The communicating devices do not have to be in each others range of sight. The ProSyst Bluetooth Package provides implementations of the JSR 82 Specification (javax.bluetooth and javax.obex API) for different Bluetooth Protocol Stacks. It delivers services for the communication over Bluetooth to any framework, compliant with the current OSGi Service Platform Release 3. Support is available for Linux distributions with kernel 2.4.x and higher The basic usage of the Bluetooth services is demonstrated by the Bluetooth Chat Demo, a simple chat client, wrapped as an OSGi-compliant bundle. It detects other Bluetooth devices, provides connectivity, if requested and exchanges vCard info. ProSyst Bluetooth Package is capableOxygen Phone Manager for Symbian OS phones. Working with Bluetooth under Windows XP SP2Then you will see Bluetooth wizard welcome note. The system will start searching for Bluetooth devices nearby your PC: Enter the same passcode on your phone's side and the system will initialize connection parameters, accept Bluetooth connection on your phone (if the phone will ask for it). 9) To complete Bluetooth wizard press `Finish' button: 11) Accept Bluetooth file transfer from PC on your phone and you will see file transfer status bar on your PC Screen. 15) Open `My computer' -> `Control panel' -> `Switch to classic view' (if not switched) -> `Bluetooth devices' -> `COM ports bookmark. These settings are a bit more complicated, then in case of Widcomm stack because of specific Microsoft Bluetooth stack features: after `Found new hardware' notification appears it forces otgoing `Bluetooth serial port' connection from PC to phone, while our program uses `Incoming' connection ( from phone to PC). Microsoft Bluetooth stack has some kind of timer which checksApple Bluetooth ManualYour computer includes Apple Bluetooth technology that eliminates the need for many cables that traditionally connect devices together. Bluetooth-enabled devices, such as computers, mobile phones, and handheld devices (PDAs), can connect to each other wirelessly at distances up to 10 meters (33 feet). This document provides information on how to m pair your Macintosh with a Bluetooth-enabled mobile phone and connect to the Internet m exchange files between Bluetooth-enabled devices Pairing Your Computer With a Bluetooth-Enabled Mobile Phone Before you can connect to the Internet using your Bluetooth-enabled mobile phone, you need Make sure your Bluetooth-enabled mobile phone is on and ready to accept a pair. Note: To access the Internet, you must have a Bluetooth-enabled mobile phone and subscribe to data services from a wireless operator. You can use the Bluetooth File Exchange application to exchange files between one or more Bluetooth-enabled devices. You can also useCase Study - Wireless Networking with WLANS & BluetoothWhat is Bluetooth? Bluetooth is a new wireless standard designed to enable communication between a range of devices such as mobile phones, headsets, PCs, pagers, and Palms. For example, a Bluetooth-enabled headset could be used in conjunction with a mobile phone. The standard is open but is governed by the nine promoters of the Bluetooth Special Interest Group: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba, 3Com, Agere, Microsoft and Motorola. Bluetooth has a much shorter range and a smaller transmission capacity than 802.11. The range of Bluetooth is typically about 10 metres, although a higher-power option offers up to 100 metres. Bluetooth's transmission rate is 1 Mbps, significantly less than the 11 Mbps of DSSS WLANs. However, Bluetooth provides true 'global roaming': WLANS are restricted to the office or campus. In fact, it is more probable that Bluetooth signals will degrade the operation of WLANs (rather than vice-versa), due to the faster hopping rate of Bluetooth.PCNA 129 - Understanding BluetoothBluetooth is a wireless technology standard originally designed by Ericsson for small, hand-held devices such as mobile phones, but can actually be used for connecting any two devices that would otherwise have required a cable connection. Bluetooth promises to rid our home and working environments of many of the complexities of existing wired technologies - for instance, a Bluetooth-enabled PDA could synchronise its content with a PC without requiring a physical connection. More imaginative scenarios are also made possible with Bluetooth. Within the corporate environment, Bluetooth can deliver what other technologies such as wireless networking and infrared have promised - the ability to walk into the office with a laptop or PDA and be immediately connected to the network or a PC without any further ado. For the mobile user, Bluetooth will make it much easier to interconnect the notebook computer, PDA and mobile telephone. The Ericsson version - the Bluetooth Home Base -bluetooth_faqBluetooth® is a new wireless technology that enables connectivity between multiple electronic devices (cell phone and vehicle) by utilizing a 2.4 GHz radio spectrum that has a range of 10 meters. Bluetooth will allow customers to use their cell phone hands-free in the vehicle There is currently no charging cradle available for Bluetooth® handsets. Bluetooth® technology is available on selected navigation equipped vehicles. Please select the instructions that correspond to your Bluetooth® phone. The instructions for this procedure are included in the Bluetooth® User's Guide instructions that are posted on the co-branded website. Bluetooth® handsets can vary in quality and contain different bluetooth chip programming. Because Bluetooth® has a universal standard developed by a consortium of interested companies, most Bluetooth® handset should have some functionality in our vehicles. However, because of the differences in the quality of the handsets and Bluetooth® chipBluetooth Readme9. The InstallShield Wizard Completed window appears, indicating that the Bluetooth software has installed successfully. You should now see a white Bluetooth icon in the System Tray. Now you are ready to set up a Bluetooth device. This section describes how to connect and pair a Bluetooth keyboard to your Tablet PC. IMPORTANT: Follow these steps before installing any software that came with your Bluetooth device. You may need to install application software for your device at the end of this procedure, but do not install new Bluetooth software. 3. Search for Bluetooth Devices On the Bluetooth Setup window, tap "I want to find a specific Bluetooth device and configure how this computer will use its services," the second option. When the icon for your Bluetooth device appears in the Bluetooth Device Selection window, highlight it; then tap Next. Motion Computing is a registered trademark of Motion Computing, Inc. Bluetooth is a registered trademark of the Bluetooth SIG, Inc.Bluetooth guideBackground Much in the same way that King Harald Bluetooth united Denmark and Norway, Bluetooth was designed to unite computers, phone equipment and many other electronics devices. A Bluetooth to USB Adapter such as IOGEAR's GBU311 or GBU211 allows any computer to become a Bluetooth-enabled computer, and be able to send to and receive information from a wide variety of other Bluetooth products. Bluetooth takes the information normally carried by a wire and transmits it at a special frequency to another Bluetooth device. A wireless WiFi connection can connection the computer to the Internet access point, while Bluetooth adapter can allow the computer to print wirelessly and well as "speak' with other Bluetooth-enabled devices such as a headset, Bluetooth 1.0 and 1.0B The original Bluetooth specifications had numerous problems and the various manufacturers had great dif-ficulties in making their products interoperable. Because of the way Bluetooth devices had to communicate withCoPilot Smartphone Bluetooth GPS_C500_illustratedIt is required that you bond the Smartphone to the Bluetooth GPS receiver through a virtual COM port (also known as a virtual serial port). 1. Remove any previous bonds you may have made with your Bluetooth GPS receiver. It may automatically skip to the next step and prompt you to bond with your Bluetooth GPS receiver. e. It may take several minutes for your phone to find your Bluetooth GPS receiver. For best results, place your Bluetooth GPS receiver within five feet of your phone. Some Smartphones automatically turn off Bluetooth when memory resources are low. Bluetooth is usually turned back on when memory resources become available. a. Update: In version 1.0.1.46 or newer, you can use CoPilot to turn Bluetooth on. The current Bluetooth status is displayed at the top.Bluetooth_Reliability2. Use Bluetooth to transfer live process information between different parts of an industrial system. Important issues are e.g. interference with other Bluetooth nodes, other radio standards like 802.11 and other radiating sources like certain types of machinery (might be industrial devices or commercial devices like microwave ovens). This paper will discuss this issue from two perspectives; the Bluetooth architecture and studies done on these issues. Bluetooth architecture and reliability Bluetooth is initially designed with reliability in mind and there several concepts used helping to achieve this. This technique minimizes possibilities for interference within a Bluetooth system and interference with other radio-based systems (e.g. Wireless LAN - 802.11b, see reference 1). 802.11b influence on Bluetooth is very dependant on the distance between the Bluetooth nodes. In general the conclusion are that radiators like microwave ovens does interfere with Bluetooth but theAccording to the specification static PIN's can be used on devices where no user-interface exists (examples here are Bluetooth headsets) If no PIN then `0' is used which is actual fact 0x00 (i.e. Bluetooth supports the concept of discoverable and non-discoverable Bluetooth (BD_ADDR) addresses are 6 bytes and very similar in nature and purpose to MAC addresses 3 bytes are for vendor assigned ranges, and 3 being specific to the device in that range If we brute force the ranges and do a name inquiry we can discover non-discoverable devices No PSM's found to-date that offer other than advertised services Idea could be used to create a `knock' style backdoor for Bluetooth devices Existing attacks: OBEX - PUSH A number of Nokia, Ericsson & Sony Ericsson handsets are susceptible Very much dependant on vendor's implementation of OBEX/Bluetooth stack Information obtainable can include calendar, real time clock, business card, properties, change log, IMEI CBIT paper showed TechnoCom's BlueLocator(TM) with Bluetooth(TM) Technology at CTIABlueLocator transforms BluetoothT enabled phones or laptops into intelligent location solutions for mobile enterprise. BlueLocator is a vehicle-mounted device that utilizes Bluetooth instead of a physical connection to enable a convenient, but low cost intelligent messaging and location solution. BlueLocator is the Bluetooth enhanced version of TechnoCom's TetheredLocatorT. The BlueLocator can work with a full range of network choices including GPRS and CDMA making it a flexible solution for mobile resource management, including asset and fleet management, AVL, public safety and telematics. The BlueLocator communicates seamlessly with TechnoCom's LM ExchangeT data network middleware, an API that enables plug and play capabilities, supporting mobile devices over virtually any data network and providing easy integration with location applications. Embedded in the BlueLocator is TechnoCom's mobile device software, Programmable Event GeneratorT ( PEGT). PEG enabled devices | ||
