Persons who have a reasonable expectation of being exposed
to blood on the job should be offered hepatitis B vaccine.
The person should receive the second dose at this time and third dose
2--6 months later.
Repeat the 3-dose series and then test for anti-HBs 1--2 months after
the last dose of vaccine.
If the HCW is still negative after a second vaccine series, the HCW is
considered a non-responder to hepatitis B vaccination.
If a health care worker has an exposure (e.g., needlestick) he or she
should be evaluated for postexposure prophylaxis according to current
recommendations (see table below).
HepatitisEvirusfacsheet
The mode of HEV transmission is thought to be mainly by fecal-oral
route and outbreaks in humans are usually associated with consumption
of drinking water contaminated by feces.
Mortality rate due to HEV infection in humans is typically less than 1%;
however, mortality rates of nearly 20% have been reported in infected
pregnant women in developing countries of Asia and Africa.
Hepatitis E virus-induced disease is considered sporadic in humans in
industrialized countries such as the U.S. Recently, a novel strain of
HEV, designated as swine HEV, was discovered in pigs in the U.S. (Meng
et al., 1997).
Swine HEV identified from a pig in the U.S. is genetically very closely
related to the two U.S. strains of human HEV (US-1 and US-2) but is distantly
related to other HEV strains worldwide.
HepC90_1
Hepatitis has always been a well recognised complication of
blood transfusion.
There is now good evidence to implicate hepatitis C virus (HCV).
Hepatitis A virus is a lesser problem for several reasons: (i) the virus
is directly cytopathic so it cannot be harboured without concomitant liver
cell injury, thus a healthy carrier state is unlikely: (ii) the illness
is usually mild and rarely becomes chronic; and (iii) the acute and possibly
transmissible infection can be identified by testing the person's serum
for the presence of an IgM antibody to the virus.
acute and chronic non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis: evidence of
progression to liver cirrhosis.
Percutaneous liver biopsy and chronic liver disease in haemophilia.
hepb
http://www.hmc.psu.edu/childrens/healthinfo/articles/hepb.pdf disease with no cure caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV).
Although it can cause no symptoms or mild symptoms, such as loss of appetite
and nausea, it can cause serious disease, such as lifelong infection,
cirrhosis (scarring) of the liver, liver cancer, liver failure, and death.
The best defense against HBV is to prevent the transmission of the virus
in the first place.
A study in the November 10, 1999, issue of JAMA shows that one such effort
to vaccinate inner-city public housing children from 1991 to 1997 has
had positive results.
The HBV vaccine was administered at rates similar to those of other vaccines.
hepatitisBflyer
http://www.santepub-mtl.qc.ca/Mi/vaccination/pdf/hepatitisBflyer.pdf Full vaccination affords highly effective protection over a
period of several years in more than 90% of healthy individuals to whom
the vaccine is administered.
Made from a single antigen, the vaccine does not contain the hepatitis
B virus.
On rare occasions, the vaccine can cause fever, headache, muscular pain
or joint pain, which disappear on their own.
Persons with these symptoms should rest, drink plenty of fluids and take
acetaminophen-type antifever medication such as TylenolTM or TempraTM.
Several other commercial preparations can be taken to relieve this type
of momentary discomfort.
Before a vaccine is administered, be sure to mention any previous postvaccination
reaction.
hep b
It may occur as a coinfection with acute HBV infection or as
superinfection of an HBV carrier.
Identification of serologic markers for HBV infection followed, which
helped clarify the natural history of the disease.
Hepatitis B vaccines have been available in the United States since 1981.
However, the impact of vaccine on HBV disease has been less than optimal,
and the incidence of reported hepatitis B cases is now only slightly less
than as it was before the vaccine was licensed.
Persons who have casual contact with carriers at schools and offices are
at little risk of HBV infection from such contact, and vaccine is not
recommended for them.
qna
Infection with one strain of hepatitis C does not provide protection
from infection with differing types.
After a person is infected with hepatitis C virus it takes several weeks
to months before the infection becomes established in the liver.
A positive ELISA screening test alone in persons without a history of
injecting drug use (IDU) should not be considered diagnostic of hepatitis
C infection without confirmatory testing.
The second test may be another test for hepatitis C antibody called RIBA
or a PCR test for hepatitis C virus in the blood.
Make sure your doctor knows all the medications you are taking, even over
the counter medications and herbal medicines.
Hepatitis A
The pattern of the hepatitis A cases reported in the first
five months of 2002 is suggestive of increasing rates among men who have
with men (MSM).
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is the most common cause of acute hepatitis and
is one of the most commonly reported vaccine-preventable diseases in North
Carolina (NC).
The infection typically causes an abrupt onset of fever, malaise, loss
of appetite, nausea and abdominal discomfort.
These symptoms are often followed by jaundice (yellowing of the skin and
white of the eyes) within a few days.
Of the male cases, 65% were in the young and middle adult age groups,
while only 24% of the female cases were in this age range.
hep c
To address the hepatitis C epidemic in the state.
To provide Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) counseling and testing to those at
risk to prevent further transmission and new cases.
To provide HCV training for counselors who serve hepatitis C at-risk clients.
To provide physicians and other healthcare professionals with training,
which helps them to understand the value of early detection.
To conduct seroprevalence studies, which can be used to better plan public
awareness and public education activities.
Uninsured Texans are eligible for free HCV counseling and testing services.
No. 1 Monitor the health status of individuals in the community to identify
community health problems.
Health & Safety Code, Chapter 81, Communicable Diseases.
Program 99
http://www.hepcglobal.org/image
folder/Program99.pdf "The mission of HCV Global Foundation is to heighten awareness
of a hidden epidemic -- Hepatitis C Virus -- that threatens world health,
and to develop education, prevention, and awareness programs to limit
the spread and facilitate treatment of this life-threatening disease,
wherever it appears."
Without the contributions of the Working Group, this Conference would
not be possible.
BADGES MUST BE WORN AT ALL TIMES DURING THE CONFERENCE.
Joey Tranchina, M.A., Executive Director, AIDS/Hepatitis Prevention Action
Network; Director, Harm Reduction Projects, HCV Global Foundation Carla
Wilson, L.Ac., Quan Yin, San Francisco Reda Sobky, M.D. Ph.D., Director,
Fort Help and H.A.A.R.T.
survey
6. Do you supervise staff in your agency who provide prevention
services to persons at risk of Hepatitis C?
9. Which of the following STD/HIV services or programs do you or your
agency provide to patients and clients?
STD Community Education/Outreach c. STD Clinical Examination and Treatment
d.
Hepatitis A & B Medical Referrals i.
Hepatitis A & B Virus Transmission Not part of my job Poor Fair Good
Excellent c. Hepatitis A & B Prevention Messages Not part of my job
Poor Fair Good Excellent d.
19. What viral hepatitis educational materials are currently available
for your clients/patients?
Disease Intervention Specialist (DIS) Yes No If Yes, HAV HBV HCV c. Nurse/Nurse
Practitioner Yes No If Yes, HAV HBV HCV d.
010-hepatitisabstracts
Over the years his research interests have included immunochemistry,
control of hospital infection, antimicrobial drugs, drug toxicity and
vaccine development and control.
He is a member of the UK Department of Health Advisory Group on Hepatitis,
and Editor of the Journal of Clinical Virology.
Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major healthcare problem
world-wide.
I joined the Animal Virus Research Laboratory (now Institute for Animal
Health) at Pirbright in 1964 to work with foot-and-mouth disease virus.
Dr Jane Zuckerman is Director of the Academic Centre for Travel Medicine
and Vaccines, and holds the positions of Elective Tutor and Senior Lecturer
and Honorary Consultant at the Royal Free and University College Medical
School and the Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust, London.
