This paper addresses the following paradox in much of the literature on the status of women: the persistence and reproduction of inequalities between women and men is a pervasive theme is this literature, despite evidence of worldwide trends in the direction of greater gender equality and greater worldwide attention to issues of gender equity.
Despite vast differences in economic resources, local traditions, and historical trajectories, nation-states increasingly resemble one another with respect to both their national goals and their formal structures designed to articulate and attain these goals.
With respect to education what is emphasized is inequalities of access to valued schools, tracks, and curricula as well as inequalities in interactive experiences with both teachers and pupils.
eo-12898 http://www.usda.gov/rus/water/ees/pdf/eo-12898.pdf
To the greatest extent practicable and permitted by law, and consistent with the principles set forth in the report on the National Performance Review, each Federal agency shall make achieving environmental justice part of its mission by identifying and addressing, as appropriate, disproportionately high and adverse human health or environmental effects of its programs, policies, and activities on minority populations and low-income populations in the United States and its territories and possessions, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the Commonwealth of the Mariana Islands.
improve research and data collection relating to the health of and environment of minority populations and low-income populations; and (4) identify differential patterns of consumption of natural resources among minority populations and low-income populations.
EJTimeline
Over the past two decades, environmental justice and environmental racism have become household words.
Some neighborhoods, communities, and regions have become the dumping grounds for all kinds of toxins.
Presidents' Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) annual report acknowledges racial discrimination adversely affects urban poor and quality of their environment.
In 1989, Indigenous communities, organizations, traditional societies and tribal nations begin meeting together on environmental and natural resource extraction issues.
This study triggers the first wave of attacks on environmental justice.
Laotian refugee community as a new voice in the EJ movement.
The goal is to get the African/African Descendent declared a Major Group in the United Nations.
WestWays05 http://www.westernstatescenter.org/archive/WestWays/WestWays05.pdf
"Marriage promotion" is just one of the gender-related threats that present fertile organizing ground in the Western States region.
It includes a dismantling racism training program; a partnership project that combines issue education and strategic convening of allied organizations working towards racial justice; and focused organizational development within communities of color.
The Supreme Court on June 26, 2003 issued a landmark gender justice decision when it ruled, "The state cannot demean [homouals'] existence or control their destiny by making their private ual conduct a crime."
Western States Center's organizational survey was the first step in working with others in the region to better understand the role of gender oppression in social control and social change.
CA_Criminal_Justice_Research_Guide
We want to: Reallocate public resources away from incarceration toward education and opportunities for youth; Remove the profit motive from the criminal justice system; and Restore our communities through rehabilitation and restorative justice, not revenge.
This guide is organized by research topic and contains listings of California government agencies on the state, county, and municipal level that have information on everything from juvenile arrest and incarceration rates to information about local civilian police review boards.
Office of the Attorney General The Attorney General's Office in the California Department of Justice has racial, gender, and age breakdowns of the state prison population, state arrest and conviction rates and of state and county parolee populations.
cmh_jj_protocol http://www2.state.id.us/dhw/childmh/protocols/cmh_jj_protocol.pdf
The purpose of this protocol is to provide guidance to juvenile justice personnel at state and local levels and Idaho Department of Health and Welfare (DHW) personnel relative to accessing children's mental health services for individual youth within their client populations who are identified as Seriously Emotionally Disturbed (SED).
Eliminate duplication of services; Identify children with SED early; Appropriately transition children/youth out of institutional care; Increase cross education between Department of Health and Welfare and state and local juvenile justice systems in Idaho; and Increase and enhance cooperation and communication between Department of Health and Welfare and state and local juvenile justice systems in Idaho in an effort to eliminate the barriers to successful collaboration.
The participating parties will also consider this issue within the context of this protocol and the unique issues facing those young adults as they return to the community.
CALFED
You might ask, "What is environmental justice?"
The term was forged out of people and communities seeking environmental protection from disproportionate risks from environmental hazards affecting peoples' quality of life.
The CALFED Program and its participating agencies are committed to seeking fair treatment of people of all races, cultures, and incomes, such that all segments of the population shall enjoy the benefits of the CALFED Program activities, and none shall bear a disproportionately high or adverse health, environmental, social or economic impact resulting from CALFED programs, policies, or actions.
The second tier addresses short-term goals to be addressed while long-term strategies are developed.
HoraceCampbell
23 Peace and Conflict Resolution: Lessons from the DRC for the African Union ..
The leading spokespersons and planners for the USA military industrial complex declared that there would be nine phases of the war against terrorism.
The concept of peace had been predicated on simply silencing guns and signing peace accords between warring elements.
12 This concept of ubuntu is very rich and can be located at the center of the cultural unity of Africa.
African women who feel the full brunt of the economics of warfare have deepened the analysis of war to implicate masculinity and violence so that African males must take full responsibility for the prevalence of warfare and violation.
dwfinal http://www.access-board.gov/adaag/dws/dwfinal.pdf
Board (Access Board), the Department of Justice, and the Department of Transportation are continuing the suspension of the requirements for detectable warnings at curb ramps, hazardous vehicular areas, and reflecting pool edges in the Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG) and the Standards for Accessible Design.
The Access Board plans to issue a separate notice of proposed rulemaking to revise and update ADAAG and will address detectable warnings in that rulemaking.
The agencies are continuing the suspension of the detectable warning requirements to July 26, 2001, when it is expected that the rulemakings to revise and update ADAAG and the Standards for Accessible Design will be completed.
cohen http://www.yorku.ca/ohlj/PDFs/32.3/cohen.pdf
Under the Immigration Act, permanent residents and illegal immigrants may, for a number of reasons, be deported from Canada for life.
The author argues that deportation violates an immigrant's right to life, liberty and security of the person under section 7 of the Charter.
As I shall argue below, the Supreme Court should take a new look at the constitutionality of the deportation of long-term residents.
Similarly, procedural differences in the treatment of permanent residents and long-term illegals under the Immigration Act should also be treated as suspect.
In a study of deportation and the immigration power in Australia, David Wood writes that, in some cases, losing the right to live in what has become one's homeland can be a deprivation even more serious than imprisonment.
legal_justice
Why study Legal and Justice Studies at Southern Cross University?
Our Bachelor of Legal and Justice Studies provides the opportunity for entry into the field of justice studies or law at the sub-professional level.
It also builds upon the University's Associate Degree in Law (Paralegal Studies), allowing students to complete one further year of study for the Bachelor degree, but it is not restricted to those who are enrolled in, or who have completed, our Associate Degree.
practice which approaches dispute resolution from both the law and social sciences perspectives.
LAW10157 Australian Legal System: Introduces students to the concept of law and the nature and structure of the Australian legal system and its institutions, including parliaments, courts and other decision-making bodies.
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