The United States is exerting enormous influence over the globalization of the worldZs systems of policing and justice as the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Drug Enforcement Administration, Customs Service and other American law enforcement agencies establish offices overseas, train foreign counterparts, and develop operational links with local police agencies.
The State of the International Research Infrastructure Set against these powerful three forces that are bringing about fundamental changes in the worlds of crime and justice, we should ask ourselves whether we have adequate understanding of the changing nature of crime _ adequate to the task of providing for societies that are safe and just.
PHI372 http://www.ln.edu.hk/philoso/PHI372.pdf
: Justice and its discourse is primarily concerned with the ethics of who in society ought to receive what benefit or suffer which burden.
Plato tries to answer this question with the view that justice is about giving people what is due them.
How this issue is to be addressed has been a problem for philosophers from the ancient Greece until the present day.
The idea of the social contract, utilitarian, laissez-faire and socialist political philosophies have all addressed themselves to the problem of justice.
Rawls, John, Political Liberalism, New York: Columbia University Press, 1993.
Sandel, Michael, Liberalism and the Limits of Justice Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982.
Walzer, Michael, Spheres of Justice, New York: Basic Books, 1983.
vietrpt /
In recent years the Government of Viet Nam has formally accepted a number of elements of international human rights law.
The Report sets out the background of the Project; describes Criminal Procedure in Viet Nam; outlines the problems the Vietnamese officials identified with their criminal procedure and environmental protection laws; sets out some additional problems that were identified by the members of the International Centre team and proposes future directions for the implementation of the projects in the Memorandum of Understanding.
As in countries that have a Continental European type of criminal justice system, the investigating body has the right to interrogate the defendant after a criminal case has been "instituted".
restorative_justice
It does this through a meeting between the victim and offender called a restorative justice conference.
At a conference victims can have a say and focus on their needs offenders can say what they have done and take responsibility for putting things right The conference is safe and private and run by a trained facilitator.
Implementation of the project is led by a team that includes representatives from the Maori community, Pacific people's communities, Restorative Justice Network, Victim Support and New Zealand Law Society, as well as staff from the Department for Courts, Department of Corrections and Police.
Court-referred restorative justice is in addition to, not a substitute for, the range of restorative justice services already available, and draws on the expertise of community service providers.
ti219 http://www.aic.gov.au/publications/tandi/ti219.pdf
Bullying at school causes enormous stress for many children and their families, and has long-term effects.
This paper reports on a restorative justice program that was run in a primary school in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), but whose lessons have wider application.
The aim of restorative programs is to reintegrate those affected by wrongdoing back into the community as resilient and responsible members.
Quantitative data were collected using the Life at School Survey (Ahmed et al. 2001), which was administered at the beginning and the end of the school year (pre- and postintervention).
Further quantitative measures were taken at the end of each session through questionnaires completed by students and facilitators.
Rights
Rights and justice work in Ireland: a new base line report In 2001, the Joseph Rowntree Charitable Trust commissioned a fresh study of the rights and justice situation in Ireland (Republic).
The government recognised the importance of support for volunteering by appointing a committee to promote 2001 as the United Nations 'International Year of the Volunteer'.
The Republic's first volunteer resource centre opened.
The Irish Centre for Human Rights was launched, based in the National University of Ireland, Galway.
It was presented to a consultation of rights and justice organisations in the Republic of Ireland held in Dublin on 3rd October 2001 and revised in the light of comments made by participants.
summary
The participants agreed that the business case must inform decisionmakers in the Executive, Legislative, and Judicial branches of the importance of providing leadership, resources, and governance structures that will support the integration and interoperability of state and local justice information systems.
CTG convened the Business Case Workshop to engage state and local participants from two communities--criminal justice professionals and senior elected and appointed political leaders--in an exploration of benefits, barriers, and strategies that reflect their particular experiences and points of view on integrated justice.
Presentations on the marketing ideas, privacy issues, and integration efforts in two other policy areas--environmental quality and growth management--were given by experts in these fields.
admin http://www.pitt.edu/~cgs/admin.pdf
The major goal of this baccalaureate program is to develop students' understanding of the evolution, theory, structure, functioning, and processes of change in the total system of criminal justice in our society.
A minimum total of 120 credits (approximately 40 courses) is required for the Bachelor of Arts degree with a major in Administration of Justice.
Of this total, 30 credits (10 courses) make up the major which is satisfied by taking courses to complete the (A) Core Requirements, (B) Area of Concentration, and (C) Major Electives.
Courses for the major are from various departments including Administration of Justice, Legal Studies, and Public Administration.
Restorative Justice
A new movement has been emerging within the justice systems of a number of countries in the last decade, the restorative justice movement.
A brief historical overview of the mixture of law and theology of centuries past, at least in European terms, reveals an interesting shift away from restorative models that occurred in the 16th century but which had, until that time, been in place for millennia.
Restoration of property is the purpose of the jubilee principle, described in Leviticus 25:8, where all debts are set aside in the fiftieth year (the year of restoration), and all slaves are to be set free.
EJ_Community_Outreach
Environmental justice is a movement within low-income, minority communities concerned with reducing and eliminating potential "disproportionate" health and economic impacts associated with past and present industrial pollution.
DTSC regulates hazardous waste, cleans up existing contamination, and looks for ways to reduce the hazardous waste produced in California.
Through these measures, DTSC contributes to greater safety for all Californians, and less hazardous waste reaches the environment.
State laws require all proposed school sites that will receive state funding for purchase or construction go through DTSC's environmental review.
In 2002, DTSC expanded its commitment to providing fair treatment for all Californians by hiring an Environmental Justice Coordinator to develop and implement a more wide-ranging and comprehensive program.
moon
It is by now a commonplace that an emerging human rights regime has placed effective constraints, both moral and legal, on the exercise of state sovereignty.
If relatively advantaged societies have "duties of assistance" (Rawls, 1999: 106-13), discharging those duties will sometimes require "external" intervention.
Outside groups -- NGO's, multinational corporations, particular states -- can use the complexity of an issue to disguise their pursuit of their own particular interests, by representing their own interests in terms of a human rights agenda.
Even when external intervention does not take the form of coercive or quasi-coercive imposition, but merely of advice backed up by economic support, it may be severely criticized for its inadequacy.
restorative http://www.arts.ualberta.ca/cjscopy/pdf/restorative.pdf
The strength of the book lies in the in-depth examination of various restorative justice approaches and principles to different facets of domestic violence.
The chapters by Kay Pranis and Allison Morris, for example, both advocate restorative justice as promoting the healthiest qualities in families and relationships based mainly on philosophical or normative grounds.
In contrast, Julie Stubbs and Kathleen Daly each challenge the model in the context of domestic violence due to concerns about safety, choice, autonomy, and power imbalances within the family.
The next three chapters examine restorative justice and family violence in Aboriginal communities, suggesting that culturally appropriate responses should invoke Indigenous self-determination and recognize the role of respected elders and community leaders in the process.
restructure_aj_agencies http://www.gov.bc.ca/ajp/down/restructure_aj_agencies.pdf
Additional papers are currently being prepared and a White Paper ñ addressing the system as a whole ñ will be released for public discussion in May 2002.
Host Ministry or Agency Chair ñ The minister responsible for each administrative agency (the host minister) determines whether the review will be carried out by the host ministry or the agency chair and makes final recommendations to the Attorney General and the Task Force on outcomes.
Given its extremely low level of activity ñ and the fact that other processes exist to protect consumer rights in commercial transactions ñ the commission represents an unnecessary level of review.
justice http://www.ci.lincoln.ne.us/city/attorn/lmc/ila
THIS AGREEMENT is made and entered into by and between the City of Lincoln, Nebraska, a municipal corporation, hereinafter referred to as "City," and the County of Lancaster, a governmental subdivision of the State of Nebraska, hereinafter referred to as "County."
§13-801 to 13-807) provides that any power or powers, privileges or authority exercised by a public agency of this state may be exercised and enjoyed jointly by agreement with any other public agency of this state having such power or powers, privilege or authority, and WHEREAS, the City and County recognizes the substantial amount of resources allocated to the justice system and the independence and interrelationships of the justice agencies; and WHEREAS, the Lancaster County Board and the Lincoln City Council desire to establish a Justice Council: 1) To act as an advisory body to the elected officials to best utilize and make the most efficient use of the system and resources within the justice framework; 2) To act as a body to coordinate communication within the justice system; and 3) To act as a body to conduct research for criminal justice activities within the justice system.
