It is a highly contagious viral disease of cattle, sheep, swine,
goats, deer and other cloven-hoofed animals that causes blisters on the
mouth, teats and soft tissues of the feet.
FMD is not a significant health risk to people.
Meat and milk of infected animals are safe to consume.
The virus can exist in a person's nose for up to 28 hours after exposure
to infected animals and be spread through the air.
Mad cow disease, technically known as Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
(BSE), is believed to be caused by a protein called a prion and affects
the central nervous system of cattle.
This practice has been banned in the United States since October 1997.
petition
Bovine spongiform encelphalopathy (BSE), commonly called "mad
cow disease," is widely considered to be transmitted to humans through
eating meat from an infected cow.
All of these countries discovered mad cow disease only after instituting
wider scale rapid mad cow testing programs.
While the U.S. tests one out of every 18,000 cows slaughtered, Germany
tests one out of three, and Japan tests every cow before it goes to market.
Mad cow disease experts believe that it is important to test "downed
cattle" -- what the industry labels sick animals that have trouble
walking to the slaughterhouses because of neurological problems or other
illnesses that make them want to lie down.
madcow
"Halifax---People who have eaten beef from areas where
mad cow disease has been found should not be allowed to donate blood,
says a Nova Scotia lawyer who dealt with Canada's last taintedblood scandal.
" When Canada announced a ban on Brazilian cattle imports on the
pretext of protecting the food supply form the threat of mad cow disease,
it looked fishy.
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (Also known as BSE or "mad cow disease")
is a progressive degenerative disease that affects the central nervous
system of cattle.
Since 1986, when first diagnosed in Great Britain, BSE has profoundly
affected the British cattle and beef ndustries.
AO283c
AO For further information, contact: Leland Southard, coordinator;
Ron Gustafson, cattle; Leland Southard, hogs; Mildred Haley, world pork;
Dale Leuck, world beef; David Harvey, poultry.
Both diseases affect producers and consumers through changes in livestock
product prices, availability of goods, and costs of production.
The U.S. has a vested interest in the trade aspects of animal health issues
worldwide, as U.S. exports of cattle, sheep, hogs, and their products
account for about $6-$10 billion, or roughly 10 percent of the value of
U.S. farm-level cash receipts for these species.
BSE, also called mad cow disease, is a neurological disease in cattle
that was first discovered in Britain in 1986.
chronicwastingdisease
Chronic wasting disease is a fatal disorder of deer and elk
that causes deterioration of the nervous system and significant weight
loss.
It was first noticed in 1967 in deer near Fort Collins, Colorado.
Chronic wasting disease is the latest example of a prion disease to raise
concern that it may, like mad cow disease, have the potential to move
from animals to people.
The abnormal shape gradually induces the same abnormality in the protein
throughout the brain, causing increasing damage and, ultimately, death.
The abnormally folded proteins that initiate the destruction can arise
spontaneously for unknown reasons, as happens with most Creutzfeldt-Jakob
cases.
flatflyer1
http://www.beef.org/documents/flatflyer1.pdf Two European animal diseases are making headlines around the
globe.
One is called mad cow disease (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy or BSE),
and the other is called foot-and-mouth disease.
It is found in central nervous different than mad cow disease.
and lambs, and therefore can result in major - Firewall #1: A series of
import bans dating back economic damage.
due to concerns about foot-and-mouth disease - Firewall #2: In 1997, the
U.S. Food and Drug there.
(hours of operation are 8 AM to 5 PM Eastern herds.
diseases and travel outside of the U.S., call
· cattle@beef.org This project was funded with beef checkoff dollars
on behalf of the Cattlemen's Beef Board.
samplebioterrorism
http://www.foodinstitute.com/catalog/samplebioterrorism.pdf Of all the foodborne illnesses discussed in this Primer, bovine
spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), or "Mad Cow" disease, is undoubtedly
the strangest.
BSE is one of a family of diseases called transmissible spongiform encephalopathies
(TSEs).
Encephalopathies are degenerative diseases of the central nervous system
(i.e., the brain and spinal cord), while the word "spongiform"
refers to the spongy appearance of infected brain tissue.
Prions are abnormally-shaped versions of a protein, proteinase-resistant
protein (PrP), that is normally present in nerve and other cells.
In animals infected with a TSE, the infectivity tends to be concentrated
in central nervous system tissues.
For example, in cattle with BSE, the brain and spinal cord are by far
the most infective tissues.
031-033a
many of the present generation of researchers The surveys also
showed that, in all retire, there may not be enough young re- countries,
people's perceptions of searchers to take over.
Anything that can be done later in life will not be enough to fill the
gaps left at this early stage.
Excellent results can be obtained even in problem settings, by introducing
innovative programmes, involving scientists, re-arranging the teaching
environment to encourage pupils' creativity, using recent findings in
cognitive science to train teachers in innovative teaching methods, and
so on.
Incentives, including professional promotion, must be introduced to encourage
scientists to publicise their work.
32
Extensive publicity on BSE and its possible relationship to
nvCJD in the United Kingdom, and concerns that TSE's might be transmittable
in blood or blood products have raised many questions about the transmissibility
of these agents to man.
For the hematologists and transfusion service personnel, these questions
have focused on transmission by blood and blood products.
If blood transmission were a major cause of CJD, we would expect to see
a rise in the number of CJD cases in countries with CJD surveillance.
The Centers for Disease Control has examined the CNS tissues from 30 patients
who died with CNS symptoms since 1983; to date no cases of CJD have been
found.
Mad_Cow_Summary
In March of 1996, the British Government presented a report,
which indicated that humans may have been infected by a human form of
the Mad Cow disease (BSE).
The EU Commission considered the possibility of stopping British beef
exports, but the member states took matters into their own hands before
the Commission reached a decision.
The Commission's deci-sion-makers urgently needed to show Europe's citizenry
that there was no danger to human health, that they would protect the
internal and external beef markets, and that they possessed the necessary
leadership and crisis management skills for dealing with the crisis.
No European state was able to avoid the effects of the crisis which included
uneasiness from the states' inhabitants and losses in the agricultural
and industrial sectors.
ellagic
There are no clinical studies by Dr. Daniel Nixon, President
of the American Health Foundation, that show the concentration of ellagic
acid from raspberry necessary to be effective as an anticarcinogen.
Studies have shown, the use of Ellagic acid resulted in a 44-75% reduction
in the number of lung tumors and the inhibition of nicotine-induced lung
tumorigenesis.
On the basis of these findings and other properties of ellagic acid, a
mechanistic model for the documented anticarcinogenic effect of the agent
is proposed.
In the present study we have looked into the anticarcinogenic potential
of plant polyphenols ellagic acid (EA) and quercetin against N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced
lung tumorigenesis in mice.
