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DEVELOPMENT The Computer Software Development major is for those students who wish to specialize in the development and performance of application software.http://www.foothill.edu/ctis/pdf/degree_softDev.pdf. CAREER OPPORTUNITIES S/W Development & Systems Administration are major employment fields for computer programmers and software developers. It is an excellent preparation for advancement in systems analysis, design, and mgmt. Students will learn to use Microsoft .NET development tools to implement functional specifications, build, deploy, and maintain MS Windows and Web applications. Courses will prepare students for the Microsoft Certified Application Developer (MCAD) certification, which is a step toward earning the MCSD credential. * 50% of the major units must be taken within CTIS and a grade of C or better is required in these classes. All courses pertaining to the major must be taken for a letter grade. In addition, a GPA or 2.0 or higher is required in all Core and Support courses for the Degree or Certificate. Introduction Embedded system software developers are challenged to meet delivery dates in the face of changing requirements, complex and sometimes-fragile system architectures and ever-evolving technological platforms.http://www.omg.org/mda/mda_files/MDA_overview.pdf. Created by a consortium of software development professionals, MDA raises the return on your modeling investment to a new level. Benefits include: Faster, more predictable software delivery cycles Minimizing the impact of requirements changes on development schedules Greater component reuse & implementation consistency Architectural flexibility and platform independence And others… MDA is a standard framework for modeling software systems. MDA is well-suited for embedded software development because it separates functional logic from implementation details and with the right MDA technology, automates the generation and testing of any embedded application architecture. MDA provides embedded software developers with a fundamentally different and higher-level way to accommodate changing requirements, increase reuse and extend system longevity. Through the application of MDA standards, customizable model automation & transformation technology and conscientious PIM definition, a software organization eliminates substantial downstream coding and QA from the development process—without sacrificing implementation flexibility or control. Reduce quality assurance costs The later a software error is discovered during the development process, the more expensive it is to fix and the more jeopardized a delivery date becomes. Often the biggest barriers to adopting effective software engineering techniques and technology ... In this paper, we evaluate their theory by looking at the design evolution of two software product platforms through the modeling lens of design structure matrices (DSMs) and design rule theory.http://www.hbs.edu/research/pdf/07-081.pdf. The experiment supports our hypothesis that these formal models and theory can account for important aspects of software design evolution in large-scale systems. In this paper, we evaluate the DSM model and design rule theory in large and complex software designs. Their experiment provides preliminary evidence of the efficacy of DSM-cum-design-rules analysis based on small but canonical software examples. We chose the Tomcat server because it is a successful open source software system in which different parts of the system can be expanded or improved independently. We hypothesize that DSM modeling and design rule theory can shed light on the properties of this successful, evolvable large-scale software system. We chose Server 2 because the first author witnessed and participated in a strategic refactoring that addressed a real problem in a commercial software company. Server 2 is a much larger software system than Tomcat, by almost an order of magnitude. All versions studied were production releases, and are therefore known to be stably functioning versions of the software. We examined these two software systems using a DSM model based on source code dependencies. Thus our investigation uses static software analysis to extract the dependency relations within software source code. DSMs sorted in this way can help to reveal layered software design structures, as well as cyclical dependencies. In this case, the ability conferred ... Having lost upper classman to graduation, the team's focus shifted from implementing the most advanced technology to educating the new team members in fields required to excel at IGVC.http://www.igvc.org/design/reports/dr149.pdf. Instead of a strict hierarchy of command, the Georgia Tech IGVC team experimented with allowing each member to work a broad range of tasks. Figure 1 below provides information about each team member. Figure 1 also demonstrates the involvement of each team member in a number of tasks. In order to make team communication and knowledge distribution as available as possible, a wiki server was implemented using the Wikimedia Foundation Inc. software made famous by websites such as www.wikipedia.org. The wiki encouraged the team to link each other to information, create an online guide to all of the vehicle's designs, and keep good documentation of the project. Figure 2 shows the root webpage of the Robojackets IGVC wiki. This method of documentation and communication was so successful that it was eventually adopted by the entirety of the Robojackets organization. The course is approximately 600 – 800 feet in length with a minimum width of six feet between obstacles and white lines. Furthermore, white lines may be solid or dashed. A variety of weather and lighting conditions is expected. Terrain consists mostly of grass and pavement with inclines of no more than 15%. All schematics and board layouts were generated by the CAD software Eagle. By using Debian Linux, the only software design required for general I/O was to create code that input and interpreted data directly from Linux device libraries. Software was also created to interface with the ... Email: Steven.http://www.cag.csail.mit.edu/warfp2006/submissions/guccione-cmpware.pdf.Guccione@cmpware.com As the density of FPGA devices has increased, it has become possible to configure larger and larger digital circuits covering a broader and broader class of applications. As FPGAs have surpassed the 1 million gate mark they found increasing use in embedded systems with a 'soft' microprocessor core used as the central control. Rather than challenging the hardware designer, such architectures provide more of a challenge to software developers. Hardware and software efforts have largely been decoupled historically. If embedded multiprocessors are to be made useful, the operation of the application software as well as the operating of the underlying hardware must be taken into account. It should be noted that this process is distinct from so-called Hardware / Software Co-design. These codesign efforts begin by attempting to find the computationally intensive 'kernel' of an application and maps that portion of the software algorithm to some hardware, either fixed or reconfigurable. While this is often a profitable approach, it requires at least one talented engineer with high skill levels in both hardware and software. The appeal of multiprocessors is that the entire design effort remains in the software realm, and the effort tends to be in the parallelizing of the algorithm. It should be noted that this effort is somewhat similar to the search for computationally intensive kernels in Hardware / Software Co-design. This speed permits real interactive software development to be performed on a standard PC. Powerful IDE: The simulation models for processors, links and networks maintain various ... SDD is meant to be an open-source project that will help professional OO software developers to construct software fast, allowing a greater portion of the time for design than has so far been common.http://www.skilldesign.com/articles/sddsummary/SDDSummary.pdf. This paper presents highlights of a useful case study, compiled with the pre-release support software. It has been tested successfully in a number of commercial projects and is ready to be tested by the general software developing community. Apparently, the quest of the emerging software industry for discipline has been bottom-up. Design is an internal activity of the software development team, meant to ensure that the requirements (that were set forth during analysis) are indeed feasible. Project management combines with functional design to sequence the software product facilities in an evolving product (see section VII). The information system to be constructed is the "Personal Billing" system[5], used by the author to keep track of his teaching and software development jobs with the intent of billing his clients. A "skill" is an ability that is manifest in software and which may be traced to a functional requirement from the software. When put together in hierarchy, strategic skills reconstruct the original requirements of the software product. Each strategic skill gives the reason for the existence of exactly one entity (or software component), thus giving a functional definition for what would otherwise be mistaken for a mere data record or routine library. Some entities serve as "façade" for their software component - a single entry point for all other objects which are hidden inside. The purpose of this chart is ... The consolidation phase is pri-is tailor-made to address the re- It quirements of materials engi-focuses on aspects of efficient neering, comprising a compre- gathering and storage of the as-Granta MI is the first commer-Granta Design Ltd.http://www.grantadesign.com/download/pdf/Marsden_AMP_May05.pdf. cial release of that software sociated pictorial and text infor-Cambridge, England system, launched by Granta De- mation needed to build up the sign in April 2005. necessary pedigree. The architecture of the system is relatively simple. This phase is generally associated with research into With its initial focus on requirements of the aerospace, new materials and the characterization of existing defense, and energy sectors, quality and traceability materials. The challenge for a software system is to pro-of materials information are treated as paramount. vide for easy assimilation of raw data into the system Engineers can access the information in two ways, and its effective reduction to usable engineering quan-characterized by the “intensity” of access required. • Higher-intensity tasks usually involve signifi-issues are materials scientists and they are well repre-cant quantities of information and use a client ap-sented within the Consortium, it is not surprising that plication installed on the engineer ’s computer. An ex-significant effort was focused here. The software situation is further complicated by the secrecy that surrounds materials information in the aerospace and defense sectors. This secrecy often extends to software manufacturers creating analysis and re-duction modules of materials data. • Record reformat for export (e.g., to an FE code) Enter new data Edit ... We invite papers for a special section of Communications of the ACM on Flexible and Distributed Software Development Processes.http://www.csis.ul.ie/staff/paragerfalk/cfp-cacm-fdsp-ss.pdf. This special section will address two important and partially intertwined current themes in software development: process flexibility and globally distributed software development. The first theme, flexibility, concerns the current trend in software development to move from tradi-tional plan-based approaches, as suggested by mainstream software engineering and information sys-tems research, towards more agile ones. The quest for flexibility is obviously evident in the recent development of various agile methods, such as XP and SCRUM. Agile software development meth-ods are examples of apparently major success stories that seem to have run counter to the prevailing wisdom in software engineering. However, rather than being anti method, agile approaches operate on the principle of ‘just enough method’. The quest for flexibility is also apparent in the currently increasing interest in striking a balance between the rigor of traditional approaches and the need for adaptation of those to suit particular development situations. Although suitable methods may exist, developers struggle in practice when selecting methods and tailoring these better to suit their needs. The second theme, distributed development, concerns another current trend, namely that more and more software development takes place in globally distributed settings. This is perhaps most evident in the many cases of off-shoring software development to low-cost countries, but is also relevant in the case of utilizing local expertise ... Fully automated, easy to use applications are developed to minimize operator train-ing requirements, and maximize repeatability and productivity.http://www.bwxt.com/operations/flyers/soft_dev.pdf. Motion control systems are designed for high-accuracy applications where tight integration with data acquisition is a requirement. Applications Past projects encompass a full range of solutions from labora-tory prototype software for demonstrating feasibility of new NDE techniques, to full cycle development and support of cus-tom inspection systems: Ultra-High accuracy thickness inspec-tion systems UT Instruments for Boiler Scanning and data logging. Phased-Array UT software to demon-strate thickness accuracy of parts with irregular reflectors Custom C software for a high speed ultrasonic inspection application. NDE software developers are experienced in a wide range of languages and rapid development tools. Embedded microcontroller software for custom EMAT instrument interface Robotics control for an adaptive pro-grammable welding system Motion control code to improve system accuracy on existing UT scanning tanks Graphical programming tools such as Lab-view are used to develop prototype applica-tions for the laboratory. Reliable software demand has been increasing for the past two decades but still there exists a gap between the demands placed on the software industry and what the state-of art currently can deliver.http://www.chillarege.com/fastabstracts/issre99/99104.pdf. There has been lot of work in mechanics of program construction but there has been little progress in improving the practice of software development. Competitive pressures are causing companies to show how their software developed is superior to others. Software development has been considered as a variant on the paradigm of an expenditure of intellectual labor[1][2]. The growth of software systems has been drastic over the years. The most promising approach to the reducing of the cost of software development is to reduce the amount of software to be developed. This is possible if we use proper software process models in the development of the software that contribute to the development of some generic stuff that can be reused. The development and implementation of new software systems in a company is not an easy task. This will assist in development of application software in most effective manner in terms of quality, time and money. The paper introduces the DAF for developing complex, reliable and robust software. It identifies the deliverables that are produced in any software process, which can be reused.. Software reuse[1][5] aims in the development new applications from existing software and is a general principle that is instrumental in avoiding duplication and capturing commonalty in inherently similar tasks. It offers the potential to streamline and simplify software development, greatly ... This report lists 28 best practices that contribute to improved software testing.http://www.chillarege.com/authwork/papers1990s/TestingBestPractice.pdf. They are not necessarily related to software test tools. The collections represent practices that several experienced software organizations have gained from and and recognize as key. By the time the software code is ready, the test cases are also ready to be run against the code. It is argued that software inspection can easily provide a ten times gain in the process of debugging software. This is a best practice fairly well understood in some segments of software testing and not in others. Given the measurement, a variety of analysis techniques have been developed to assist management and decision making on a range of software engineering activities. One of the uses of ODC has been the ability to close feedback loops in a software development process, which has traditionally been a difficult task. While ODC can be used for a variety of other software management methods, closing of feedback loops has been found over the past few years to be a much needed process improvement and cost control mechanism. Memory Resource Failure Simulation This practice addresses a particular software bug, namely the loss of memory because of poor heap management or the lack of garbage collection. The central idea is to use software testing as a means to assess the reliability of software as opposed to a debugging mechanism. This is quite contrary to the popular use of software testing as a debugging method. The theory of this is buried in the concepts of Clean Room software engineering and are worthy of a separate discussion. Statistical testing needs to ... One of the major factors in determining a company’s success in the on demand era is its software development capability.http://www.devx.com/assets/ibm/5481.pdf. The new business demands and consumer expectations that define e-business on demand™ will require a higher level of responsiveness and agility from software development teams. And the software applications these teams maintain and develop must be ever-more innovative to keep businesses ahead of the competition. To ensure these advantages, businesses must rely on software development organizations to extend and upgrade legacy applications, customize and extend commercially available applications, and develop new applications that offer competitive differentiation in the marketplace. For this reason, a company’s software development capability is one of the major determining factors in how successfully it makes the leap to on demand computing. This paper will explain how a business that wants to become an on demand business can improve its software development capability. We will consider the characteristics of success-ful software architectures for organizations that thrive in this new era. Let’s examine each of the software development imperatives outlined in the previous section in more detail, and explore the benefits for the software which supports an on demand business. Improving software development capability 15 For an on demand business, software architecture becomes doubly impor-tant as the business adapts its appli-cations to meet changing needs. By combining all three, software development teams can drive rapid and continuous improvement in software development capability. At the core of all ... We analyzed an existing set of data from NASA's Soft-ware Engineering Laboratory to test whether changing software modules with high design complexity requires more personnel effort than changing modules with low design complexity.http://www2.umassd.edu/SWPI/kaiserslautern/designmain.pdf. By analyzing variables singly, we identified strong correlations between software design complexity and change effort for error corrections per-formed during the maintenance phase. Some authors see software design complexity as a highly important factor affecting the costs of software development and maintenance [Rom87, CA88]. We define software design complexity in terms of several different factors, and test the hypothesis by investigating how the complexity factors affect the costs of changing the software. In the case study presented here, we used an existing set of data to investigate the impact of software design complexity on the effort required to implement changes during the acceptance test and maintenance phases. One significant threat to external validity is the spe-cialization of the software-system design used by the SEL. Maintainability is an abstract concept that cannot be assessed directly but may be defined using attributes of the software that can be measured. Enhancements and adapta-tions may also be made to the software during this phase owing to new requirements. During the maintenance phase, a team of software en-gineers who were not the original developers tests the software using simulators and modifies the systems as needed [Nat91a]. These engineers are experts in their application domain, but not necessarily highly familiar with the software systems. For ... This is a report on an effort to simulate the practices of the Extreme Programming methodology in a Software Design course.. Two teams of 11 members followed many of those practices in developing their semester projects. Included is a description of which practices were required of the development teams, which encouraged, and which were not easily simulated. Near the end of the semester the students were asked to answer a number of questions about how well each practice had served the process. Summaries and examples of their responses along with the instructor’s observations are presented as an evaluation of this approach. Suggestions for what might be done differently to better simulate the Extreme Programming methodology are included. The goals of the course have remained fairly constant over time while the development methods emphasized have changed drastically to keep up with the latest advances in methodology. We have always sought to simulate as much as possible a “real world” environment. Our students work in teams on substantial projects that are proposed by a client. The instructor sets the list of activities each team should go through in the development process. It includes input from our students on their reactions to the various components we attempted to simulate, and suggests ways to make the course activities fit XP more closely. To accommodate our restrictions we tried to simulate only those practices that were feasible in our situation. Even with the mistakes made, we are satisfied that we have made a good start in using pair programming and the XP software development process in ...
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