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Directive 2002/46/EC on food supplements provides for the setting of maximum and minimum amounts of vitamins and minerals in these products via the Standing Committee procedure.http://www.health.gov.mt/fsc/fsc_euleg_files/discus_paper_amount_vitamins.pdf. Similar provisions are contained in the proposal for a Regulation on the addition of vitamins and minerals and of certain other substances to foods which is currently under discussion at the European Parliament in and Council and which is expected to be before adopted September/October of 2006. This paper identifies the issues to be considered in the setting of maximum and minimum amounts of vitamins and minerals in foods. Although food supplements can contain a variety of ingredients, as a first step the Directive lays down specific provisions only for products containing vitamins and minerals. A report evaluating the advisability to cover products containing nutrients and/or ingredients other than vitamins and minerals have to be presented to the EP and to the Council in a report due by July 2007. Moreover, the Directive foresees the setting of maximum and minimum levels for vitamins and minerals through the Standing Committee procedure and lays down the criteria for their setting. Individual nutrients have received variable attention and vitamins and minerals are among them. The levels of intake of the latter have been cause of concerns both for being potentially on the low side but also because of the adverse effects that excessive intakes of certain vitamins and minerals may cause. In addition, some argue that optimal health may depend on higher levels of vitamins and minerals than those recommended today on the basis of ... BfR opinion from November 13th 2002 On 2 October 2002 the United Kingdom at a meeting of the Standing Committee on the Food Chain and Animal Health, Section General Food Law, indicated that its national Expert Group had submitted its draft report on vitamins and minerals on 29 August 2002.http://www.bfr.bund.de/cm/245/draft_report_expert_group_vitamins_minerals_evm.pdf. Attention is drawn to the fact that the standing expert body for food Issues of the European Com-mission (Scientific Committee on Food - SCF) is also working on the laying down of upper levels for the total intake of vitamins and minerals. For some time now, BfR (and before BgVV) has been examining this subject albeit with the differ-ence that maximum levels for the admixture of a vitamin or mineral to supplements (individual products) are derived. On the EVM approach: The EVM Expert Group elaborates upper levels for the total intake of vitamins and minerals from all sources whereby, in some cases, it is unclear to what extent the one or the other intake source has been taken into account. From the difference between the dietary vitamin and mineral intake and the derived upper level, EVM estimates the possible additional safe intake through the total consumption of supplements and gives corresponding upper levels for this. EVM believes that by adding up the normal dietary intake of vitamins and minerals and intake from other known sources, it is possible to estimate a total safe upper level (SUL-total, in the case of zinc: 25mg/day + max. intake of 17.2 mg = 42.2 mg) and, once again, a scope can be given for the additional intake from food supplements and fortified foods. It should be noted that EVM, unlike BfR, does not ... These are some of the important B-vitamins that work to make red blood cells, form your genetic blueprint, keep your nervous system healthy and even help your body use energy from food.http://www.dietitians.ca/english/pdf/B_Vitamins_english.pdf. Take this short quiz to learn more about these vitamins. 1. Which B-vitamin is especially important during pre-conception and pregnancy? a) niacin b) folate c) vitamin B12 2. Strict vegetarians who eat little or no animal products may need to take a supplement of which B-vitamin? a) thiamin b) riboflavin c) vitamin B12 3. This B-vitamin helps to reduce the baby’s risk of developing a type of birth defect that affects the brain and spinal cord. Make sure the supplement contains no more than 1 milligram (or 1000 micrograms) of folic acid 2 - c) Vitamin B12is only found naturally in animal foods such as meat, poultry, fish, eggs, milk, cheese and milk products. If fortified, soy and rice beverages as well as soy-based meat substitutes will provide vitamin B12. Strict vegetarians or vegans who do not eat these fortified foods may need a vitamin B12supplement. Together with folic acid, vitamin B12helps to make red blood cells and DNA, our body’s genetic blueprint. Riboflavin, also called vitamin B2, helps to keep our skin, eyes and nerves healthy. It also works with other B-vitamins to use energy from the food we eat. Take a look at the B-vitamins that each of the food groups has to offer! Who else may need a vitamin B12 supplement? Our ability to absorb vitamin B12 decreases with age. Adults over the age of 50 may benefit from taking a vitamin B12 supplement. Food and vitamin labels list the percent of the DV’s provided in the product.http://www.giantfood.com/resources/giant/pdf/vitamins_minerals.pdf. Recommended intakes of vitamins and minerals are stated in units of weight, milligrams (thousandths of a gram) or micrograms (millionths of a gram). For vitamins A, D, and E values were given in international units (IU) which represent the activity (potency) of the vitamin. Recently, weights have been determined for these vitamins and some labels list the recommended intake of vitamin D in micrograms, vitamin E in milligrams and vitamin A in micrograms of retinol equivalents (RE) - the unit representing the vitamin activity from animal and plant sources. Overdosing on vitamins and minerals can cause problems such as loss of coordination, nausea, rashes, diarrhea and fatigue. a child gets a hold of high dose prenatal vitamins. Aids bone, tooth growth and hormone production.Beta carotene precursor to Vitamin A. The body can change it into A as needed. Orange vegetables and fruits and dark green leafy vegetables 1 large carrot: 20,250 IU 1 cup cantaloupe: 5158 IU 1 cup milk: 300-500 IU Sunlight on skin causes the body to make vitamin D 1 egg yolk: 265 IU 1 cup fortified milk: 100 IU Oils from plants 1 Tbsp. corn oil: 16 IU (12mg) 1 cup blueberries: Vitamin B6 300 mcg B vitamin necessary in enzymes for fat synthesis and other metabolic reactions 2.0 mg Helps regulate the 6 mcg nervous system. Can mask the anemia of vitamin B12 deficiency causing nerve damage. Vitamin High levels of some vitamins (like vitamin C) can cause false results in lab tests. It could be that only a portion of the vitamin is from a natural source as in “Vitamin C with ... Celiac Sprue Association (CSA) is pleased to announce that Freeda Vitamins Inc.. has joined the elite group of manufacturers granted the CSA Recognition Seal. The use of this Seal means the manufacturer has agreed to adhere to CSA’s standards in representing their products to be free of wheat, barley, rye, oats, their derivatives and crosses in product, processing and packaging. (No WBRO). Freeda Vitamins products may use the Seal to indicate the products are appropriate for a medically prescribed celiac diet. Freeda Vitamins Inc. was recognized because of their long standing quality ingredients, procedures and products. In addition to the CSA Seal, all Freeda products are on the Feingold approved food list and are certified by two world-class Kosher supervisors. All Freeda Vitamins products are 100% vegetarian, kosher certified, sugar-free, salt-free, yeast-free, gluten-free and lactose-free. Freeda Vitamins have been serving leading physicians and nutritionists, as well as the general public, for over 75 years and their tablet formulations have received top commendations from both professionals and the public. Freeda Vitamins products include multi-vitamins and minerals, prenatal formulas, children’s formulas, Vitamin A & Vitamin D, Vitamin E family, B-Complex formulas, individual B Vitamins, Vitamin C, minerals, protein & amino acids, digestive supplements, herbs & plant extracts, joint support, other nutrients and more. Freeda Vitamins are available from their catalog or their online store at www.freedavitamins.com. Freeda Vitamins can be reached toll free at 800-777-3737. Links to the participants can be found ... In addition to providing great, refreshing taste, Diet Coke Plus is a good source of vitamins B3, B6, and B12, and the minerals zinc and magnesium.http://www.dietcoke.com/press_032207.pdf. Diet Coke Plus will be available throughout the U.S. in April in retail stores where other Diet Coke products are sold. “Consumers, including Diet Coke drinkers, are increasingly looking for more beverage options, and we wanted to offer them the convenience of a calorie-free beverage that is a good source of several essential vitamins and minerals, and one that delivers on the great taste that they have come to expect Diet Coke lovers need not worry about their favorite sparkling beverage disappearing. “The millions of current Diet Coke devotees across America shouldn’t be concerned – America’s #1 diet sparkling beverage is staying just as it is,” said Bayne. -more-Diet Coke Plus Launch Release Page 2 The launch of Diet Coke Plus will be supported by an integrated marketing plan to drive awareness and trial. Introductory communications will carry the tagline “Great Taste Has Its Benefits” and will let consumers know that they now have another way to enjoy Diet Coke – one that tastes great and contains several essential vitamins and minerals. To commemorate the launch of Diet Coke Plus, special limited edition 12-ounce “sleek cans” of Diet Coke Plus will be available at select retail locations in New York City and Los Angeles while supplies last. Diet Coke Plus will be available nationwide in a variety of packages, including 20-ounce PET, 12-ounce can-12 packs, and 12-ounce PET (trial package). Along with Coca-Cola, recognized as the world's most valuable brand, the Company ... The attached review of vitamin D is an updated version of the revised paper presented to the Expert Group on Vitamins and Minerals at the meetings in April 2002 and October 2001.http://www.food.gov.uk/multimedia/pdfs/evm-00-11r.pdf. The following annexes are also included: Annex 1 Intakes of vitamin D from food and supplements Annex 2 Tables summarising the animal and human data Annex 3 Summary table of selected nutrition related information and existing guidance on intakes . Compared to vitamin D3, it has an extra methyl group on the 24th carbon and a double bond between the 22nd and 23rd carbon atoms. These surveys found measurable amounts of vitamin D and its metabolites in meats as a result of new analytical methods (see Annex 1). Establishing a recommended dietary intake for vitamin D is difficult because exposure to sunlight results in the synthesis of vitamin D by the skin. This paper has been prepared for consideration by the Expert Group on Vitamins and Minerals and does not necessarily represent the final views of the Group. Secondary deficiency and impaired vitamin D function may occur with gastrointestinal, hepatic and renal disorders. The studies suggest that long term use of sunscreens is unlikely to lead to deficiency in children and young adults who receive adequate levels of vitamin D from a mixture of both sun exposure and the diet. Vitamin D metabolites have been reported to induce differentiation and/or reduce cell proliferation in a number of malignant and non-malignant cell types. There has only been one randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial of vitamin D supplementation and fracture incidence but this found no difference in fracture incidence ... Some people with Hep C are interested in herbs and vita-mins.http://www.hcvadvocate.org/hepatitis/easyfacts/herbs.pdf. There are some herbs and vitamins that can be taken safely and some herbs and vitamins that should be used with caution or completely avoided. Always talk to your doctor before trying herbs or vitamins. Are there any herbs I can take that will cure my Hep C? We don’t know the answer to this. No research has found any herbs that will cure Hep C. However, there may be some that will help Hep C. Some research is being done using herbs with Hep C patients, but the results are not in yet. You can if your doctor says it’s okay. Do not take vita-mins with iron unless your doctor tells you to. If you take a daily multivitamin, find one that has no or low iron. These are usually the vitamins made for “seniors.” Do not take more than 5000 i.u. of vitamin A. Always talk with your doctor before trying herbs & vitamins Just because something is natural doesn’t mean it is safe. Snake venom is natural. If you use herbs or vitamin E, stop taking these at least a week before any medical procedure. Of the many nutraceuticals that fortify functional foods and dietary supplements, vitamins and minerals boast both a long history of usage and government dietary recommendations.http://www.ift.org/pdfs/focus/fortification_0403nutra.pdf. Past research has proven the necessity of specific vitamins and minerals in human nutrition. Conse-quently, it is no surprise that half of all American adults take vitamin or mineral supplements each day, according to a 2000 national public opinion survey by the American Dietetic Association (ADA). Available not only as multivitamins and individual supplements, vitamins and minerals also fortify a multitude of prod-ucts, from infant formulas and children’s snacks to beverages and meal replacements. Vitamin and mineral supplementation is even being tailored to individual needs. “You’ll see sales go up for certain vitamins or minerals whenever there is a lot of publicity or hype about their health benefits. Here is a brief listing of some vitamins and minerals and recent studies that sup- Vitamin D is already known to be vital for bone health. Women consum-ing 12.5 g or more of vitamin D per day from food plus supplements had a 37% lower risk of hip fracture than did women consuming less than 3.5 g/day. Neither intake of total vitamins E or C nor use of vitamin E or vitamin C supplements or multivitamins was signifi-cantly associated with risk of Parkinson’s Nouriche is a nonfat yogurt smoothie that offers a mealtime solution packed with 20 vitamins and minerals, including vitamins A and C, calcium, iron, riboflavin, phosphorus, and magnesium. In addition to vitamin E, vitamin C is also thought to help reduce the risk of age-related ... 201 South Grand Avenue East Springfield, Illinois 62763-0002 Rod R.http://www.hfs.illinois.gov/assets/011107_vitamins.pdf. Blagojevich, Governor Barry S. Maram, Director Telephone: (217) 782-1200 OTC Covered Vitamins Renal Vitamins (Applies to Both Rx and OTC) Vitamin C Preparations Prenatal Vitamin Preparations Vitamin B-6 Preparations Vitamin B-1 Preparations Vitamin C 1000 mg Vitamin C 500 mg Vitamin B-6 50 mg Vitamin B-1 100 mg The newly discovered more nutritionally effective doses of vitamins and minerals are often significantly higher than US Government assigned Daily Values.http://www.michaelmooney.net/VitaminSafetyDosesComplete.pdf. See Vitamin Safety Table on page 6. Question: Are small doses of vitamins and minerals, such as Daily Value levels of vitamins and “food-grown-type” nutrient amounts as effective as higher doses of USP-type nutrients? Answer: Specific health benefits derived from higher doses of vitamins and minerals have not been duplicated using RDA levels or “food-grown-type” amounts of vitamins and minerals. • Complete Vitamin Safety Table I am asked whether higher doses of vitamins and minerals are more effective than Daily Value (DV or RDA) levels, and whether higher doses may be toxic. A study of 630 women showed that while 40 mg of Vitamin B6 produced no significant benefit, 100 mg to 150 mg reduced PMS symptoms in about 66% of the women, while 160 mg to 200 mg of Vitamin B6 reduced PMS symptoms in about 79% of the women. The Daily Value for Vitamin C is currently 60 mg. Studies on Vitamin C show that doses of Vitamin C that have the potential to optimize various components of overall health, like bone density, begin at about 1,000 mg per day. This is usually the dosage that has been determined to be enough of a given nutrient to keep people from experiencing “classic” nutrient deficiency diseases, like rickets (Vitamin B1 deficiency), pellagra (Vitamin B3 deficiency) or scurvy (Vitamin C deficiency). As you will see in the Vitamin and Essential Mineral Safety Table, the MTD’s for all vitamins and minerals (except Vitamin A and niacin) are 4-20 times higher than the No Observed ... • Mostly stored with lipids in the body, although amounts stored vary depending on the vitamin • α -and γ -carotene have about half the vitamin A activity of β -carotene • Heating plant foods may facilitate bioavailability by weakening the protein-vitamin A complexes • Vitamin A can stimulate the growth of epithelial cells • β -carotene works with vitamin E in scavenging free radicals and inhibit lipid peroxidation • The vitamin A deficient child has an increased risk of death even before clinical symptoms appear • Possibly 1/3rd of the deaths of children between 2 and 5 in 3rd world countries are due to vitamin A deficiency • Vitamin A can accumulate in liver and other tissues, long half life • 1 in 57 infants born to women who consumed > 10,000 IU vitamin A/day have malformations • The lipid membranes contain a high amount of vitamin E, protecting them from damage by auto-oxidation • Vitamin E terminates carbon-centered radicals that are made from the interaction of organic molecules with other radicals (esp.http://www.nyu.edu/classes/lancaster/FS_Vitamins.pdf. • Vitamin E can react with the radicals before they can affect other lipid molecules • Vitamin E may reduce deficiency; β -carotene → , reducing glutathione peroxidase and vitamin D action. • Light and heat destroy the vitamin in food • It is not known how much microfloral vitamin K 2 contributes to K absorption Vitamin and mineral supplements have been classified by the However, because they can be dangerous, caut when taking medicine.http://www.nche.org/20023-5Lesson1.pdf. Describe how the body obtains vitamins and minerals. 4. Recognize why vitamins and mineral supplements should 5. Poster board Art supplies Optional: candy that resembles children’s vitamin supplements (e.g. Pez®) e body needs to grow, develop, and repair e body needs to grow, develop, and repair e of something that is needed. needed or makes an addition to what is Students’ ability to define vitamins and minerals. Students’ ability to explain the importance of vitamins and minerals and how the body Students’ ability to recognize the reason why vitamins and mineral supplements should ike medicine. Students’ ability to work cooperatively to create a What We Know About Vitamins and Ask students what they had for dinner the night before. 3. Ask students, “Has anyone ever heard of vitamins and minerals? Can anyone describe what vitamins and minerals are?” a. Vitamins and minerals are substances found in the food that we eat. b. The body can’t make vitamins or minerals on its own. 4. Give students examples of vitamins and minerals, what foods they come from and what purpose they serve in the body. a. Vitamin A is found in carrots, spinach, cantaloupe, and other fruits and vegetables. • A supplement can contain one vitamin or mineral or it may contain a mix of several vitamins and minerals. • Often, people refer to vitamin and mineral supplements simply as vitamins (e.g. In these cases or when people don’t get all of the vitamins and minerals they need even if they eat healthy food, people may take a ... Why take a multiple vitamin/mineral supplement? It is almost impossible to get adequate levels of vitamins and minerals from the diet alone.http://www.nwhealth.edu/healthyU/eatWell/mvitamin.pdf. The standard American diet is high in empty calories that are practically devoid of vitamins and minerals; low in fiber; high in saturated fat; high in refined carbohydrates and sugar; and low in the number one source of vitamins and minerals - colorful vegetables. As it is easier to take a pill than to change the diet, a high-quality multiple vitamin/mineral supplement is the easiest insurance policy to follow. What’s in a multiple vitamin/mineral supplement? There are four classes of nutrients addressed by most multiple vitamin/mineral supplements: 1. B vitamins are essential for proper energy production. These include thiamin (vitamin B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), pantothenic acid (B5), vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and folic acid. These vitamins have a demonstrated effect to reduce cholesterol, prevent heart disease, elevate mood, regulate the stress response, increase energy, and improve blood sugar regulation. 2. Antioxidants provide cellular protection against the damaging effects of free radicals that are produced as a by-product of normal metabolism. These antioxidants include vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin C, vitamin B2, zinc, selenium, copper, manganese, and beta-carotene (precursor to vitamin A). For example, some formulas are designed to provide higher doses of the B vitamins. It is important to consider that not all vitamins are created equal, as it is dependent upon the form of the vitamin or the carrier molecule of the mineral. For example, vitamin E can exist in a ...
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